Confidence reacts to the outlook while conditions track sales, profits, hiring and forward signals.
- Business Confidence: firms' near-term outlook on where conditions head next.
- Trading conditions: current sales strength reported by firms.
- Profitability: current profit strength, often the softest link.
- Employment: current hiring strength tied to jobs growth.
- Forward orders and capacity utilisation: leading signals for coming workload and supply-demand tightness.
- Price growth: pace of labour, input and output prices as an inflation signal.
In March 2020 confidence fell to -66 points, its record low. That ran deeper than -30 in the financial crisis and about -20 in the early 1990s recession. Conditions fell to -21 points with profitability weakest at -27.
Forward orders hit a record low and capacity utilisation fell to its lowest level ever. The episode shows confidence collapses first and fastest while conditions follow. NAB read the drop as implying a large GDP fall within 6 months, risking jobs growth and capital spending.