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Presidential Elections

OtherMediumUS

About This Indicator

What is Presidential Elections?

The U.S. Presidential General Election Results are the official certified totals compiled by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) from state election offices. Electoral votes come from state Certificates of Vote held by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). It counts every certified valid vote for president in the 50 states plus the District of Columbia (DC), while territories do not vote for president.

It does not project a winner on election night or measure polls and voter intent. The national popular sum stays descriptive, and 270 of 538 elects the president. The Commission does not run voting laws or rule on disputes, and official totals appear only after state certification.

When is it released and what happens each release?

The general election occurs every 4 years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, with early and absentee voting under state law. Local officials in towns, counties and municipalities run the count, and state governments certify results over the following weeks.

Electors meet in their states in December, Congress counts the votes in January, and inauguration follows in January. The Commission posts standalone presidential results only after certification and a bound volume later covering Senate, House, maps and summary tables. There is no fixed release time or time zone, errors are fixed by errata supplements when states amend reports, with no standard state format.

What moves Presidential Elections?

Each of the 50 states plus the District of Columbia (DC) forms 1 component casting a weighted bloc totaling 538 electoral votes.

  • California, Texas, Florida and New York, 54 and 40 and 30 and 28 votes: winner-take-all contests decided by state popular vote.
  • Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Georgia and North Carolina, 19 and 19 and 17 and 16 and 16 votes: same winner-take-all rule by state popular vote.
  • Michigan, New Jersey, Virginia, Washington, Arizona and Massachusetts, 15 and 14 and 13 and 12 and 11 and 11 votes: same winner-take-all rule.
  • Maine, 4 votes, and Nebraska, 5 votes: district variation with 2 to the statewide winner plus 1 per congressional district won.
  • District of Columbia (DC), 3 votes: same winner-take-all rule under constitutional amendment.

State blocs decide the presidency, not the national sum, only 270 of 538 elects the winner, and election night calls stay unofficial.

How is Presidential Elections calculated?

  1. Count and certify: local officials administer counts in towns, counties and municipalities, and states certify totals, usually through the Secretary of State. State reports stay amendable after the vote.
  1. National popular total: the Commission adds each candidate's certified state figures, including disclosed write-in votes. Blank, void, under and over votes stay excluded from the total.
  1. Popular share: each share equals the candidate's votes divided by total valid votes times 100. Uniform rounding applies, so shares may not total 100%.
  1. Electoral allocation: each state gets House seats plus 2 electors, the District gets 3, totaling 538. The statewide winner takes the bloc, except in Maine and Nebraska, and 270 wins. In a small illustrative mock of 3 states with 22 votes and a 12 threshold, one side takes 13 to 9 with 49.55% popularly.
  1. Contingent rule, the backup procedure: if no candidate reaches 270, the House chooses the president from the top 3. The Senate chooses the vice president from the top 2, voting by state delegations under constitutional procedure.

Key point: the most national votes does not win, only 270 electoral votes elect the president, and election night calls stay unofficial.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Full History

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